A new study has detailed how 2 people in Asia contracted rabies after eating dog or cat meat.
A report published in the journal PLoS Medicine [see part (2) below] describes how the 2 patients in Hanoi, Viet Nam, died from laboratory-confirmed rabies. Health experts claim their symptoms developed after butchering, preparing, and consuming either a dog or a cat.
The researchers were unable to test the butchered animals for rabies, so could not be entirely certain the animals were the source of the rabies.
However, they caution that butchering of unvaccinated dogs and cats in rabies-endemic countries should be considered a risk factor for rabies transmission.
Video S1. Patient 1 with Hydrophobia Oral and written informed consent from the patient and his family was obtained.
Rabies infections highlight dangers of processing dog meat ---------------------------------------------------------- Eating dog meat is common in many Asian countries, but research conducted as part of the South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network has discovered a potentially lethal risk associated with preparing dog meat: rabies. In research published today [18 Mar 2009] in the open access journal PLoS Medicine, Dr Heiman Wertheim and colleagues from the National Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Hanoi, Viet Nam, report on 2 patients admitted to hospital showing signs of rabies infection. Neither patient was thought to have been bitten by a rabid animal in the preceding months.
Rabies is a very serious -- and in nearly all cases fatal -- disease. It is estimated to kill more than 30 000 people each year in Asia, and the number of cases in China and Viet Nam is increasing. Symptoms include agitation, severe spasms, fever, fear of water and inability to drink liquids, and eventually death. Humans are usually infected after being bitten by an infected animal such as a dog or bat.
When the researchers investigated whether the patients had come into contact with infected animals in the preceding months, they found that both had been involved in preparing and eating animals that may have been infected. In the 1st patient's case, he had prepared and eaten a dog that had been killed in a road traffic accident; rabid dogs were known to inhabit the neighbourhood. The 2nd patient had butchered and eaten a cat that had been sick for a number of days.
In both cases seen by Dr Wertheim and colleagues, it is thought that infection occurred during the slaughtering, and not by eating the meat, as the meal was shared by others who did not become infected. In Asia, it is believed that eating dog meat enhances health and longevity. It is eaten throughout the year in the 2nd half of the lunar month, particularly in the winter months, when it is believed to increase body heat.
In Viet Nam, dogs with rabies have been detected in dog slaughterhouses and workers at dog slaughterhouses are vaccinated against rabies as part of the national programme for rabies control and prevention. However, the private slaughter of dogs is relatively common in the country.
"We need to alert both the general public and clinicians about the risks around butchering and handling meat," says Dr Wertheim. "People should not handle animals that may be infected with rabies. Rabies can be prevented with a vaccine and people exposed to rabies can be helped with post-exposure prophylaxis, but this needs to be administered as quickly as possible following the exposure. Once a person shows symptoms, the disease is almost invariably fatal.
"Vietnamese doctors already consider dog slaughtering a risk factor for rabies transmission, but it is important that other health care workers and policy makers, both inside and outside Vie Nam, are aware of this risk factor."
The South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network is funded by the Wellcome Trust and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health USA.
References ---------- 1. Wertheim, H et al: Furious Rabies after an Atypical Exposure. PLoS Medicine. 17 March 2009 [available at <http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000044&ct=1>]. 2. The South East Asia Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network [SEAICRN; <http://www.seaclinicalresearch.org/>] is a multinational clinical research network that strives to advance the scientific knowledge and clinical management of infectious disease through integrated, collaborative clinical research in Indonesia, Thailand and Viet Nam. The principal sources of funding for the Network are the US National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, USA and the Wellcome Trust, UK. 3. The Wellcome Trust [<http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/>] is the largest charity in the UK. It funds innovative biomedical research, in the UK and internationally, spending over GBP 600 million [approx. USD 840 million] each year to support the brightest scientists with the best ideas. The Wellcome Trust supports public debate about biomedical research and its impact on health and wellbeing.
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